Sains Malaysiana 53(4)(2024): 851-868

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5304-10

 

A Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent for Parabens Extraction in Cosmetic Samples Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

(Pelarut Eutektik Dalam Berbantu Vortex untuk Pengekstrakan Paraben dalam Sampel Kosmetik Digandingkan dengan Kromatografi Cecair Berprestasi Tinggi)

 

NURIN FARAWANI BINTI MUHAMAD YUSRI, NOORASHIKIN BINTI MD SALEH*, TANUSHA DEVI A/P ELAN SOLAN & MUHAMMAD ZULHAZIMAN MAT SALLEH

 

Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Received: 8 January 2023/Accepted: 13 March 2024

 

Abstract

Parabens, commonly used preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical items, inhibit harmful germ growth. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are intriguing for analyte extraction due to superior properties formed through hydrogen bond acceptors and donor interactions. However, the studies on the optimal DES-based extraction conditions for paraben-containing cosmetics and the accuracy of 'paraben-free' labels are limited. The most effective DES (DL-Menthol and decanoic acid, 1:2 molar ratio) was applied to cosmetic samples after heating at 80 °C following optimization parameters. FTIR study confirmed hydrogen bonds in DES samples. Both paraben-containing and paraben-free samples showed methyl, ethyl, and propyl paraben peaks from the HPLC analysis. Cosmetic sample paraben concentrations ranged from 0.53 mg/L to 26.08 mg/L (non-spiked). LOD and LOQ were 0.24 mg/L-1.62 mg/L, 0.73 mg/L, and 4.8 mg/L, respectively. Goals were met by establishing a paraben extraction method using DES and investigating paraben quantities in cosmetics.

 

Keywords: Cosmetic; deep eutectic solvent; high performance liquid chromatography; paraben; vortex

 

Abstrak

Paraben, bahan pengawet yang biasa digunakan dalam makanan, kosmetik dan bahan farmaseutikal, merencat pertumbuhan kuman berbahaya. Pelarut Eutektik (DES) menarik minat untuk pengekstrakan analit kerana sifat unggul yang terbentuk melalui interaksi penerima dan penderma ikatan hidrogen. Namun, kajian pengekstrakan menggunakan DES yang optimum untuk kosmetik mengandungi paraben dan ketepatan label 'bebas paraben' masih terhad. DES yang paling berkesan (DL-Menthol dan asid dekanoik, nisbah molar 1:2) digunakan pada sampel kosmetik selepas dipanaskan pada 80 °C mengikut pengoptimuman parameter. Kajian FTIR mengesahkan kewujudan ikatan hidrogen dalam sampel DES. Analisis HPLC menunjukkan puncak metil, etil dan propil paraben sama ada sampel mengandungi paraben atau bebas paraben. Kepekatan paraben dalam sampel kosmetik adalah dalam julat 0.53 mg/L hingga 26.08 mg/L (tidak disuntik dengan paraben). LOD dan LOQ masing-masing adalah 0.24 mg/L-1.62 mg/L, 0.73 mg/L, dan 4.8 mg/L. Matlamat telah tercapai dengan membentuk kaedah pengekstrakan paraben yang berkesan menggunakan DES dan mengkaji kuantiti paraben dalam kosmetik.

 

Kata kunci: Kosmetik; kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi; paraben; pelarut eutektik; vortex

 

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*Corresponding author; email: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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